Abstract Background Lung airway epithelial cells are part of innate immunity and the frontline of defense against bacterial infections.During infection, airway epithelial cells secrete proinflammatory mediators that participate in the recruitment of immune cells.Virulence factors expressed by bacterial pathogens can alter epithelial cell gene expre
Extinction is a specific example of learning where a previously reinforced stimulus or response is no longer reinforced, and the previously learned behaviour is no longer necessary and must be modified.Current theories suggest extinction is not the erasure of the original learning but involves new learning that acts to suppress the original behavio
Telomeres are nucleotide sequences located at the ends of chromosomes that promote genome stability.Changes in telomere length (dynamics) are related to fitness or life expectancy, and telomere dynamics during the development phase are likely to be affected by growth and stress factors.Here, we examined telomere dynamics of black-tailed gull chicks
In response to global environmental challenges and the need for sustainable development, this study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution and determinants of green economy efficiency (GEE) across 30 Chinese provinces from 2005 to 2021.By employing a Slack-Based Measure (SBM) Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, kernel density estimation, and
This paper introduces habit-forming preferences in a Barro-type endogenous growth model with productive public services.Government expenditure, which may be iphone 13 dallas subject to congestion, is financed by distortionary income taxation.Different from the standard time-separable model, the presence of habits makes the economy feature transitio